Crisis Intervention Following A Natural Disaster Essay

Crisis Intervention Following A Natural Disaster - Essay Example This observance became the basis of the existence of crisis intervention. Viewing the positive outcomes of the different support that were given to people in the Cocoanut Grove fire in Boston in 1942, Eric Lindemann coined and highlighted the importance of the phrase â€Å"crisis intervention† (as cited in Heath & Sheen, 2005, p. 1) as substantial evidences of the importance of its applicability that were starting to arise. Problems are a natural part of life. They are issues that give people emotional, physical or psychological stresses that range from financial difficulties and emotional strains to tragic situations. A case in point, is the problem caused by natural disasters that result to loss of almost every important thing. As a normal reaction, people go through shock, denial, anger and grief for the loss that they had experienced; because of this, they tend to head into the direction where they turn out unable to continue to function well and do their activities to recover from such events. Each person is different from another. They have different tolerance levels to terrible events in life. Severed by the lack of support from other people, it can result to crisis. To become the foundation of this paper’s topic, the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary’s definition of â€Å"crisis† will be used: â€Å"an emotionally significant event or radical change of status in a person’s life† (â€Å"Crisis,† 2010). Resulting from crisis are two consequences: it either makes the life of a person better or worsen it. If crisis is not efficiently dealt with, a person is thought to be doomed. Thinking of such idea will awaken people’s understanding why there is a need of crisis intervention. People will have to undergo several crises as they travel through life. While some are able to bear every problem that the world necessitates them to handle, others are not. People, especially immediately after natural disasters, would feel helpless as if they have lost the

Activism, Protest and National Progress Essay Example for Free

Activism, Protest and National Progress Essay The people created the government to safeguard their individual interest and the interest of society. Democracy works upon the assumption that the power to rule belongs to the people. Public officials are mere representatives of the state. The state was created by the people and it should serve the people and not the interest of the few. However as Lord John Acton would put it â€Å"power tend to corrupt and absolute power corrupts absolutely.† When the state tyrannizes the people, that is the time for the people to take action through collective action. Dr. Martin Luther King said that â€Å"freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.† (1968). The world has witnessed perhaps the most successful collective action through nonviolent strategy of civil disobedience that a country can undertake and that is during EDSA Revolution of the Philippines (Abueva, 1999). They successfully overthrew a dictator for 21 years, Ferdinand Marcos, by giving flowers to the military men. They had tanks and weapons but the people outnumbered them by millions. It was a feat of the entire country, had it been just a few men it would have been easy for the dictator to disperse the group. We must establish the connection of the success of nonviolent strategies of civil disobedience to collective action. Civil disobedience without enough support from the masses will not win over the state that has all the machineries. Dr. Martin Luther King used the strategy of progressive groups which is to â€Å"inform, educate, organize and mobilize†. This strategy can also be used by progressive groups in pushing for their advocacies such as the issues on Iraq war, global warming, and even isolated local issues. First of all they have to gain the support of the masses and this is through the strategy we have mentioned above. First they have to inform the public that there is such an issue, then they have to educate them why there is an issue and what out to be done, then they can organize the public such that when civil disobedience occur they have a unified stand and they are adept with the issue that they carrying. Dr. Martin Luther King organized workshops training the public on taking in blows by police officers and not striking back. The last part is to mobilize. However it should be taken into account that a mass action should only be done when all means of dialogues and legal action has been done yet there is still no resolution to the issue. For when two parties have conflicting interest it is impossible for them to reach an understanding. In the case of Dr. Martin Luther King, they had engaged in dialogues and have agreed to a compromise yet they were betrayed. Collective action through civil disobedience is an effective tool in fighting against oppression since it magnifies the issue and draws attention to it. However it has to be reiterated that collective action is needed so that there is higher possibility of success in the endeavor. Much has changed in society since the time of Henry David Thoreau and Dr. Martin Luther King. Various medium is now available in disseminating information, thus, it is much easier to â€Å"inform, educate, organize and mobilize† the people. However the challenge here is to break the culture of apathy in our nation. Students would not mind if there are no healthy food in their canteen unless they are informed and they feel the need to eat healthy. Americans will not care about the Iraq war unless they are informed of its negative effects on the economy. Inform te public for them to feel the urgency for an collective, nonviolent civil disobedience. References Abueva, Jose V. (1999). Peoples’ Perception of People Power. October 17, 2008. Retrieved from http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/Tagalog_Default_files/Philippine_Culture/remembering_the_1986_people_power_revolution.htm King, Martin Luther. (1968). Letter from Birmingham Jail. October 17, 2008. Retrieved from http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/frequentdocs/birmingham.pdf Thoreau, Henry David. (1849). Civil Disobedience. October 17, 2008. Retrieved from http://thoreau.eserver.org/civil3.html

Imam Ghazalis Philosophy Of Education

Imam Ghazalis Philosophy Of Education Man has been created as a vicegerent of GOD in the world. And in order to enable him to fulfill his trust-that is to reform the earth and establish a just socio-moral order in this world. GOD has endowed him with two types of Knowledge:(1)Acquisitional Knowledge,and (2)Revelational Knowledge. The potentials for acquisitional knowledge i-e eyes, ears, head and heart have been laid into human constitution. By virtue of these potentialities, man is capable of generating conceptual and creative knowledge, something which is an exclusive characteristic of human beings. This form of knowledge can help man in the conquest of nature. While revelational knowledge consists of the guidance of God. Revelational knowledge gives man the basic wisdom and values that may help him in conquest of his own animal nature. Islam insists that both these forms of knowledge are central to human existence. From this context, it is apparent, that the role objective of own system of education ought to be to prepare our succeeding generations for the successful fulfillments of that duties of vicegerency in this world. Given this background, the importance of knowledge and education in Islam cannot be over-emphasized; hence my interest in this field. In this dissertation, my main focus is on Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education, In order to assess the value of Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education, It seems imperative to examine in brief the Quranic guideline for the attainment of knowledge and education. This will serve as our criterion in the light of which we will evaluate Imam Ghazali,s philosophy of education. Of course, the ultimate objective of this whole exercise is to see as to how far we can draw any guidance from these sources in the process of the reconstruction of our own system of education .It may be recalled that there is an internal and external pressure on our state and society to secularise our system of education .One of the central themes of our thesis would be to assess as to what type of education would suit our national needs ; that is how far we can depart from our socio-cultural norms and values Islam is an Arabic word which literally means obedience and peace. ISLAM is derived from the Arabic root SALEMA: peace, purity, submission and obedience. So Islam means total submission to God. According to Oxford English Dictionary Islam is the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the prophet of Allah. Knowledge (ilm) occupies a significant position within Islam. The first word of the first revelation of the Quran was Iqra READ! Seek knowledge! Educate yourselves! Be educated. Iqra also implies teach others, educate them (and transform them). Islam is the religion of knowledge. Islam and education are inter connected. The importance of education has been described at many places in the Holy Quran. The first aayah of the Quran is about education Read! In the Name of your Lord Who has created (all that exists). He has created man from a clot (a piece of thick coagulated blood). Read! And your Lord is the Most Generous. Who has taught (the writing) by the pen. He has taught man that which he knew not [al-Alaq 96:1-5] Man is the superior creature of God because He has given him the high capability of understanding. He provided them the tools to understand the knowledge And Allà ¢h has brought you out from the wombs of your mothers while you know nothing. And He gave you hearing, sight, and hearts that you might give thanks (to Allà ¢h) [al-Nahl 16:78] Knowledge is so much important in Islam that Allah (SWT) commanded The prophet Muhammad to seek more of it. Allah says: and say: My Lord! Increase me in knowledge [Ta-Ha 20:114] Knowledge is the great gift of Allah to the human beings The Holy Quran says: Whoever is given wisdom and knowledge is blessed with bounties in good abundance. (Surah al-Baqarah, 2:272) The Holy Quran says: Those who are belivers among you and the learned, God will increase their rank.. (Surah al-Mujadilah, 58:11) The prophet (pbuh) has stressed upon the significance of knowledge and its importance in the life of the human beings Learned are the heirs of the prophets He said: Whatever is in the heaven and the earth, seeks forgiveness for the learned If a man seeks the path of acquiring knowledge, God guides him to a path leading to paradise Imam Ghazalis Philosophy of Education Al-Ghazali is one of the greatest Islamic Jurists, theologians and a mystic .Imam Al Ghazali has a unique position in the history of muslim religious and philosophical thought. His contribution in the field of knowledge is very substantial .He is one of the most influential scholar in the history of Islam. He has been acclaimed as the Proof of Islam (hujjat al-Islam), the Ornament of Faith (zain al-din) and the Renewer of Religion (mujaddid). The main theme of the educational philosophy of the Imam Ghazali is the concept of God and God with the world and the mankind .The true knowledge according to imam Ghazali is the Knowledge of God. The true learned man is one who comes close to ones creator and who is busy in seeking the happiness of God. According to Imam Ghazali knowledge is to gain happiness in the hereafter and nearness to God. Knowledge is the root of good fortune in this world and in the next. The result of knowledge is to enjoy nearness of God, to keep company with the angels and the pious divines which are objects of the next world and its result in this world is honour, influence over ruler and the people. Ghazali called it the happiness of the next world: Knowledge is precious for its own sake, because with its help the happiness of the next word and Divine vision can be gained. Kinds of Knowledge Imam Ghazali identifies the difference between the revealed and the acquisitional knowledge: Knowledge is of two kinds knowledge of practical religion and knowledge of spiritual matters Imam Ghazali categorises the learning about the duties: Those which are connected to the religion .The religious learning are those which come from the Holy prophet and an absolute compliance from man is expected . Those which are not so connected to the religion, these are mathematics, medicine etc. The first one is called Farz-e-Ain and the other is called Farz-e-kafaya or binding. Imam Ghazali classifies the sciences into three categories: Praise worthy Sciences: The sciences which are beneficial up to the end is the science of knowing God, His attributes and His works, His laws effecting this world and the hereafter. This is the science which is sought for its own attributes and by which the blessing of the hereafter is gained. Blame worthy Sciences: The learning which are blame worthy are sorcery, talismanic sciences, juggling, gambling and the like Permissible Knowledge: The learning which are permissible are poetry, History, geography, biology etc. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The underling purpose of this study is to analyze the role of Imam Ghazli and his philosophy of education for the awakening of the Muslims to realize the importance of the true knowledge and its significance in the life of human beings. The study will also show as to how far Imam Ghazali develops his philosophy of education in consonance with the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the prophet. Attempt will also be made to assess as to how far this philosophy can help to improve our present day system of education. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To make the students realize the true meaning of knowledge. To make the students aware about the main purpose behind acquiring Knowledge in the light of Quranic guidance. To assess the aims and objectives of Imam Ghazalis Philosophy of education. To know and understand his philosophy in the Islamic perspective. To make the students and teachers realize that Islamic education along with the modern education can lead us to improve childs social moral and ethical development. To change our present day education system which may accommodate modern developments in knowledge along with the teachings of the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet. Our main thrust ought to be: Be a scientist; but in the midst of all your sciences be still a man. In fact, in Islam there is no tension between science and religion. Science, for instance, tries to understand nature that surrounds us, and it is expected that man will Find God in and through his study of nature a great manifestation of God. Religion, on the other hand, is a moral and spiritual guidance of God to man with the help of which he can engage himself in the conquest of his own nature. In the ultimate run, all knowledge is supposed to marry us to God and through God we are supposed to know and understand other things that are HIS creations. So there is no tension between science and religion. Science helps us in the conquest of human nature while religion helps us in the conquest of human nature. METHODOLOGY Since the research study is exploratory so the data will be collected from secondary sources. For this purpose the main focus will be to study the original text. EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF THE HOLY QURAN by Dr.Mahar Abdul Haq will guide us about The Quran and the Islamic traditions (sunnah) emphasis on knowledge. Imam Ghazalis IHYA ULUM-ID-DIN will help us to know about Imam Ghazalis educational contribution. Different books will be selected about Imam Ghazali and his Educational philosophy and data will be collected mostly from these. The purpose of this would be to extract his philosophy of education from these books/works Attempt will be made to see as to whether or not we can draw any guideline for the improvement of our current system of education. OUTLINE OF THE STUDY The research thesis will be organized into five chapters which are briefly given below. Chapter 1: Chapter one will deal with the introduction of the research thesis, and will highlight its background and significance. Chapter 2: This chapter will offer a review of related Literature. Literature about the Quranic guidance towards education will be emphisized,In the light of which we will evaluate Imam Ghazalis contributions Chapter 3: Chapter Three would highlight the methodology of this study. Chapter 4: Here an attempt will be made to highlight the significance of knowledge in the light of Quran. Chapter 5: This chapter will cover Imam Ghazalis work as an educationist. Chapter 6: An attempt will be made to assess the Quranic guidance for knowledge and Imam Ghazalis philosophy of education. Finally we would also examine its relevance to our own time and its application to the contemporary issues. BIBIOGRAPHY Saiydain, K.G.(1942) Iqbals Educational Philosophy,Lahore. Abdullah Yusaf Ali(1934)The Holy Quran Text, Translation Commentry,Kitab Bhavan New Delhi. Karim Fazul (1993) Ihya Ulum-ID-Din,Darul-Ishat,Urdu Bazar Karachi Pakistan. Abdul hakim Malik(2007)Trilingual Index of the Holy Quran One volume Encyclopedia,5th edition,Ministry of Religious Affairs pakistan. http://www.sunnah.org/history/Scholars/imam_alghazali.htm http://www.ibe.unesco.org/publications/ThinkersPdf/ghazalie.pdf http://www.aub.edu.lb/fas/cvsp/Documents/reading_selections/CVSP%20202/Al-ghazali.pdf http://www.ghazali.org/articles/gz1.htm

Debating Immigration Essay -- Illegal Immigration, Illegal Immigrants

Debating Immigration Immigration is the movement of people into another nation with the intention of living there permanently. After a four centuries of immigration have passed and people have moved from region to region, the breeding of different races has caused there to be over two thousand different races. The social construction of stereotypes has a far greater impact on race. This is what leads to discrimination and finally unequal treatment and even hatred among immigrants of all shades of skin pigment. Like the history of past colonists who migrated to the USA started in the early 1600's, most modern day immigrants are motivated to relocate far from their original homes for the desire to improve their economic situation. These people are known as economic immigrants, who resettle in other countries such as USA in search of jobs, farmland, or business opportunities. Americans often view immigration as a problem, even though the USA has been shaped by immigrants. Born Americans often look down on new immigrants. Facts from the Encarta Encyclopedia states, "Immigrants are frequently targets of criticism, especially when the new arrivals come from a different country, rather then to be already among the established community. The vast majority of immigrants coming to the USA have come in search of jobs and the chance to create a better life for themselves and their families. In all of American history, less than ten percent of immigrants have come for political or religious reasons" (Encarta Encyclopedia). American's do expect immigrants to absorb the benefits and standards of American society, but most of them do maintain some of there cultur... ...about the value of immigration and the labors they provide to the USA" (U.S. Commissions Immigration Reform). Bibliography: Work Cited Completing Blue Prints for an Ideal Legal Immigration Policy. Center for Immigration Studies. Mar. 2000. Washington. 17 Sept. 2001 Congressional Authorization. U.S. Commission on Immigration Reform. 7 Mar. 1998. 18 Sept. 2001 "Microsoft Corporation." Encarta Encyclopedia Online. 1993 - 2000. Encarta Encyclopedia. 18 Sept. 2001 Reason for Immigration. Immigration Issues. 1999. American Immigration Lawyers Association. 20 Sept. 2001 Tibbs, Brad. Personal Interview. 20 Sept. 2001. Timothy James McVeig. One Life for 168. Tribune-Star 2001. Indiana. 19 Sept. 2001 U.S. Immigration Citizenship Information. DV Information. 2000 - 2001. Commercial Services website. 19 Sept. 2001

My Father’s Life by Raymond Carver Essay

The last paragraph of this essay is my favorite by far, â€Å"†¦in their beautiful voices out of my childhood. Raymond. † The author of this story made it so tangible the dislike Raymond Jr. had for his birth name that it felt like a true revelation when the character finally embraced it. To hear his father’s name echo as his own name and to enjoy it leaves the reader with the same sense of happiness. The author of this essay has such a grasp on the lives and senses of a lower class worker that he surely must have experienced it in his childhood. It doesn’t surprise me to find out that his father worked at a saw-mill. That type of gritty upbringing must leave an indelible mark on your psyche. This mark was clearly a reservoir from which to pull deep and meaningful prose that truly paints a picture in the mind of someone who lacks those same experiences. This essay tells the story of a boy who liked his father more than most. This boy even liked his father, very possibly, more than his mother. It also tells how perceptive the boy and, later on, man were. This Raymond Jr. recognized the weaknesses of his father and still fell into the same traps himself. This essay taught me much about the depression era environment that the main character’s father, Clevie Raymond Carver, grew up in. His father rode on boxcards and pickled apples to get by. He also was able to set aside money to buy a car. I never imagined an environment where a day laborer would have the excess income to set aside spare change. In this modern age of paycheck to paycheck living that is truly an amazing feat. If the author was able to expand on his writings to fulfill a request of mine I would prefer to hear more about his father’s life before marriage. His father clearly had faults but what drove him into that personality. The character’s father was an alcoholic but still strived to better the life of his family. I’d like to know why.

Graffiti Is Our Right, Not A Crime Professor Ramos Blog

Graffiti Is Our Right, Not A Crime Imagine not agreeing with something within your community, or even society as a whole, and wanting to express your protest against or for that issue. This is a very pressing issue like gay marriage, gun laws, war, or equality. Now imagine you decided you are going to become an advocate for that particular issue you feel so strongly about, and then you get arrested and charged as a felon for protesting peacefully. This happened a lot in the 1920’s with all of the segregation laws, but I am talking about now, 2019. You can be arrested if you protest via graffiti. Vandalism, defacement, doodle, scribbles, these are the derogatory terms used everyday for graffiti. Other famous pieces of work like The Starry Night, Girl With the Pearl Earring, or even Mona Lisa would never be associated with just a â€Å"doodle.† Those great masterpieces are art. We see graffiti literally everywhere, and since the beginning of its popularity, it has been a taboo. Graffiti may technically be a criminal act, but does condemning the act of graffiti violate our American rights? I am going to explain what graffiti is, who the most infamous artists are, why graffiti is so controversial, and why graffiti is indeed and art form and not a crime. According to the English Oxford Dictionary, graffiti’s definition states, â€Å"writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or other surfaces in a public place† (2019). According to the Urban Dictionary, graffiti’s definition states, â€Å"the practice of systematically and stylistically marking infrastructure† (2019). This clashing information can be a bit confusing, but the common factor is that graffiti is indeed markings upon walls. Believe it or not, the world is no stranger to markings upon the walls that were put up by the hands of humans. Some odd 2 to 3 million years ago, there walked cavemen on this Earth. There have been findings of these million year old caves that housed these beings, along with markings upon the walls of the caves. The markings told stories of their everyday life. Fast forward to the 8th century of Ancient Greece, Roman, and Egyptian times to their usage of graffiti. Plastered up on the walls of the palaces, tombs, and pyramids are beautiful murals and stories, for what they used for documentation purposes. Also in those times, people would carve or paint protest poems upon the buildings within the cities, in hopes of change among their society. Throughout history, graffiti was used as a positive outlook because walls were the only things that anyone had to write on. Graffiti was intended to send a message to society. Modern graffiti was first recognized in 1965 at Philadelphia’s Youth Development Center. Twelve year old, Darryl â€Å"Cornbread† McCray, tried to stray away from the gang or drug scene, so he mostly stayed to himself and took to drawing, but the juvenile center he was in did not carry the supplies for such expression. One day on his routine job of janitorial duties, he came across the storage of all work equipment, including spray paint. During his time in the facility, he practiced with the art of tagging, and when he got out of the juvenile center, he expanded his canvas. He had no idea he was going to be the pioneer to a movement by simply spraying his nickname, â€Å"Cornbread†, around the streets of Philly. Street art was the new revelation across the world. It stood for a cause worth going down for. Graffiti â€Å"is conceived as a system of communication and action† (Hocking 196). Banksy is the world’s most infamous graffiti artist today, but some â€Å"critics call him a fraud, yet admires call him a genius. While his art may be varied, one clear message emerges: a call for change† (Brenner 4). No one really knows exactly who Banksy is because well graffiti is illegal, and he has artistically bombed literally all over the world like England, Vienna, San Francisco, Barcelona, Paris, and Detroit. Banksy advocates peace, hope, love, and questioning of authority. It is our rights as American’s to use graffiti as a peaceful protest method for change, which is what all of these advocate artists are doing today.   The First Amendment states, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise therof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances† (First).   In simpler terms, any American is permitted to peacefully protest without the fear of punishment.   The most extreme form of punishment from being caught doing graffiti is â€Å"up to ten years of imprisonment, $5,500 in fines, community service, and be a convicted felon,† stated in Chris Denholm’s 2017 article, â€Å"Graffiti-The Mix†(P1).   Punishing advocates for speaking out against the government for wanting an honest change in the way things are goes against what our Constitution states.   Graffiti has been dubbed an anti-social behavioral lash out against society by psychologists.   In short, this means that a person, who p articipates in graffiti, is a mentally unstable person because they are consciously deciding to destroy public property with no remorse. Yes, technically graffiti is an unlawful act because they are purposely defacing someone else’s property and we all know that, but the â€Å"why† is so powerful that it is worth the consequences.   In today’s day in age, people have tried to be heard, but in turn have been forced to be silenced because of their unconventional thinking.   â€Å"These artists rely on graffiti’s rebel status both to communicate their message and, in the process, to undermine the free speech doctrine’s purported allegiance to designate forums and civil speech† (Carroll 12).   Not all graffiti artists are gang related; most are advocates for their cause for living.   These artists feel so strongly about the tough topics of the world that they want to share their passion by displaying the issues at hand.   Art does not have one straightforward definition.   Visual, auditory, and performing arts are all methods in expressing the creator’s imagination, beliefs, or conceptual ideas.   We are all taught at a young age that freedom of speech is to be practiced and taken advantage of, and graffiti defiantly should be protected under this law. Some cities around the country have been made aware that some people use street art for personal protests for certain groups and for cultural purposes to brighten the city. These cities have gone so far in understanding the need for street art among their residents that they have invested in â€Å"free walls†. In Whitford’s 2017 article â€Å"History and Trends of Graffiti†, he states, â€Å"free walls are integrated into cities so that artists can be expressive but not have the fear of being reprimanded†(P2). Every sketch, drawing, or painting has a purpose and I believe that graffiti has it’s own purpose to making a difference in any subculture. Graffiti brings awareness to issues of concern and it is so powerful of the changes it can bring. I understand that by using someone’s business or using public streets for canvases toward the cause of protest. It is not fair that certain places are targeted or â€Å"chosen† to get sprayed all over just to get the point across, but these artists strategically place each art piece in the societies that are being affected the most. Being convicted as a felon for peacefully protesting is a bit harsh. Cases that involve the same charge of â€Å"ten years imprisonment with a felony charge include aggravated sexual assault in the 1st degree, sexual assault in the 3rd degree with a fireman, and sexual offenders that have to register on the sex offender list for life† (Reinhart). There are consequences to everything, especially when trying to make change, so yes there should be some consequences for the business that get effected by these graffiti protestors. Another alternative may be community service either towards covering up the act if the business owner does not approve or community service in giving back. Having the same punishments are criminals who are purposely hurting someone should not be in the same category as trying to practice their First Amendment right. There is no wrong or right way in expression if done in a peaceful way. â€Å"To embed speech on a n object is not only to alter and to claim the object itself, but to transcend the impermanence of spoken word and to defy all forces that would silence or erase the uttered thought† (Carroll 18). Even though there are some downsides to graffiti within communities, the upsides are tremendous. Graffiti brings awareness to those who are blinded by what is going on around them, it causes people to really take a step back and think about issues that are unknowingly affecting them, and it brings people together to fight for a cause. Following the laws is what keeps society from mayhem, but laws have been broken because of change for decades now. Change is inevitable and sometimes everyone just needs to stop and smell the roses around him or her. Art in a frame is like an eagle in a birdcage. Works Cited BRENNER, LEXA. â€Å"The Bansky Effect: Revolutionizing Humanitarian Protest Art.†Harvard International Review, vol. 40, no. 2, Spring 2019, p. 34.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=f6hAN=136010704site=ehost-live. Carroll, Jenny E. â€Å"Graffiti, Speech, and Crime.†Minnesota Law Review, vol. 103, no. 3, Feb. 2019, pp. 1285–1348.EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=134788095site=ehost-live. Denholm, C. (2017, March 06). Graffiti-The Mix. Retrieved from https://www.themix.org.uk/crime-and-safety/in-trouble/graffiti-9130.html â€Å"First Amendment.†Legal Information Institute, Legal Information Institute, law.cornell.edu/constitution/first_amendment. Graffiti. (2019). Graffiti | Definition of graffiti in English by Oxford Dictionaries. (2019). Retrieved from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/graffiti Hocking, Bree T. â€Å"Ornament and Order: Graffiti, Street Art and the Parergon.†Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, vol. 23, no. 1, Mar. 2017, pp. 196–197.EBSCOhost, doi:10.1111/1467-9655.12559. Reinhart, Christopher. â€Å"CRIMES WITH MANDATORY MINIMUM PRISON SENTENCES-UPDATED AND REVISED.†CRIMES WITH MANDATORY MINIMUM PRISON SENTENCES-UPDATED AND REVISED, cga.ct.gov/2008/rpt/2008-R-0619.htm. Whitford, M., Ashworth, G. (2017). History and trends in graffiti.Getting Rid of Graffiti,1-7.